爱五子棋网档案馆

Ever since I started to play renju 20 years ago, most renju openings have been very stable - they have always been either black advantage or white advantage, rarely changing from one side to another.

自从我20年前开始下五子棋以来，大多数的五子棋开局一直是非常稳定的，这些开局要么是黑优，要么是白优，很少在黑优与白优之间发生变动。

However, d11 opening is unique. It has switched from nearly white win to nearly black win, forth and back several times in 20 years.

然而，瑞星开局（直接11）有所不同。在过去的20年里，瑞星开局从近乎白胜变为近乎黑胜，然后又从近乎黑胜变为近乎白胜，如此反复转变了好几次。

Since my experience of renju starts from 1988, I can only analyze the history from that year on.

由于我是从1988年才开始下五子棋的，因此，我仅能分析从1988年之后的演变。


During years 1988-1990, the opening was balanced, whereas during 1990-1997 the d11 opening developed towards white benefit, and it was considered too good for white, almost like i1 or i5 openings. The main reason of the d11 being nearly white win was the absence of other 13th moves.

在1988年至1990年期间，瑞星开局是一种黑白平衡的开局。然而，在1990年至1997年期间，瑞星开局朝白优方面发展，并被认为对白棋非常好，几乎如同长星开局（斜指1）和流星开局（斜指5）那样。瑞星开局变为近乎白胜的主要原因在于未出现其他的黑13。

The attempts of changing the 11th move did not work well either - both 11-j7 and 11-i11 usually resulted with white win. During that time, players were desperately trying alternative ways to keep black hopes up. For example 5-j8. I remember having won an important game with such 5th move as black in Leningrad New Year Prize tournament in 1990.

黑11改走其他点的尝试也没有起多大的作用，黑11走j7或者走ill通常的结果是白胜。在那段时间里，为了使黑棋的希望不致破灭，棋手们竭尽全力地尝试其它的方法，例如黑5走j8。我记得，在1990年举办的列宁格勒新年奖锦标赛中，我执黑就用这个第5手赢得了一盘重要的对局。


The year 1997 brought a big change in the theory of d11. All of the sudden the opening had become very equal - both black and white sides had fair chances to win. It is all thanks to the 13th move that was found by Japanese. See below:

1997年，瑞星开局的理论有了重大的变化。瑞星开局突然之间变得十分平衡了，黑棋和白棋都有公平获胜的机会。这一改变，完全要归功于日本人所发现的第13手。见下图：

During 1997 the d11 was considered better for black, because good black variants were developed quite fast. The typical development was like this:

1997年，由于黑棋的好的变化很快被研究出来了，因此瑞星开局被认为对黑方较好，典型的变化是像这样的：

It took about one year for players to invent resistance for white because the situation on the diagram above was too much under black's control - even if black did not win, he could easily force the draw later.

上图所示的局面太多地为黑棋所控制（即便黑方无法取胜，它也能够在后盘迫使白棋接受和局的结果），棋手们花了大约一年的时间才找出抵抗黑棋的办法。

As a result, different kind of 14th moves were introduced during 1998, the best of which was 14-j7. For quite some time, the 14-j7 turned the tables - d11 was once again considered to be very good for white!! See below:

结果，1998年便出现了几个不同的第14手，其中，最好的第14手是走在j7。在相当长的一段时间，第14手走在j7扭转了局势。由于这个第14手的出现，瑞星开局再一次被认为对白棋非常好。见下图：

The year 1999 - the move 14 was no longer a surprise, the proper black responses were found, and as a result d11 was considered nearly black win!! The games of World Championship 1999 were a good proof of it. Black's response was following:

1999年的时候，棋手们不再为白14-j7这手棋而感到惊讶，因为已经找到了黑棋的合适的应对办法。于是，瑞星开局又被认为是近乎黑胜。1999年举办的世界锦标赛里的对局便是一个很好的例证。黑棋的应对着法如下：

For quite some time, black dominance was terrifying. White tried several 18th move, but no good came out of those. Then, some other 14th moves were re-tried again, but yet without success.

一段相当长的时间里，黑方的优势大到令人害怕。白方尝试了几个第18手，但并没有从中得到什么好处。那个时候，一些其它的白14也进行重试，但都没有成功。

The year 2000 brought two new 12th moves, almost at the same time. They offered a slight resistance at first, because the optimal black moves were not found yet. The white inventions were:

在2000年的时候，几乎在同一时间出现了两个新的白12。在出现之初，由于黑棋的最佳走法尚未发现，这两个新的白12对黑棋有一定的抵御力。白12的走法是：

Because black side players had no experience of handling these new situations, so they often tried to transfer the position to something well-known, such as the variant below. But of course, such attempt failed because white can utilize the position in better way. It was a big disadvantage for black and white gained a lot from this hesitation. See below:

执黑的棋手们没有应对这两个新12局面的经验，因此，他们通常尝试着把棋局朝自己熟悉的局面转变，比如以下的一个变化。当然，这种尝试 是以失败而告终的，因为执白的一方能够更好地运用这个局面。对于黑棋来说，这是一种重大的不利，而白方从中占了很多的便宜。见下图：

Year 2001 - players prepared well for coming World Championship. Both 12th moves were analyzed well and as a result, the d11 opening became nearly black win again. See the two examples below:

2001年的时候，棋手们为即将到来的世界锦标赛作了充分的准备。棋手们对这两个白12进行了充分地分析，因此，瑞星开局又变成了近乎黑胜。请看下面的两个例子：

Soon after that, during 2002-2004, the situation equalized - d11 was considered as an equal opening. As a result, it became extremely popular among players. In some tournaments nearly half of the games were played with d11 opening. Below there is an example of a balanced situation of d11 opening:

不久之后，在2002年至2004年期间，局面又扳平了，瑞星被认为是一种平衡的开局，这使得瑞星在棋手们中变得极为流行。在一些锦标赛中，近乎一半的对局都是瑞星。下面有一个瑞星平衡局面的例子：

By 2005, the balance shifted towards white side again. The d11 was then considered to be very good for white and black side was lacking good ideas for development. Typical situation is shown below:

到2005年的时候，平衡局面又朝白优局面转变了。那时，瑞星开局被认为对白方非常好，黑方缺乏行棋的好思路。典型的局面如下所示：

Years 2005-2007, the d11 opening is balanced. Black has several ways to keep the initiative which is enough for draw with careful play. Typical pattern below:

2005年至2007年间，瑞星开局又回归了平衡。黑方有好几种办法来保持先手，如果行棋仔细的话，这种先手是足以战和的。典型的范例如下：

The situation today: the d11 opening has been carefully analyzed and at present it is considered as a solid draw by most strong players in the world. If one of the players tries to turn away from the optimal course, then he can risk with facing disadvantage and often even loss. Of course, changing from the main path has its elements of surprise as well.

今日的状况：瑞星开局已经被棋手们仔细地研究，目前，世界上的一流高手认为它是一个能够打成平手的开局。如果这些一流高手的一位尝试脱离最佳的走法而走变着，那么，他可能冒着不利的风险，甚至是常常输棋。当然，也有令人叫好的变着。

So what is the future of d11 opening then? It is hard to say. Since the d11 has changed sides so many times in the past, and each time it has been the opinion of world's best players, so there is no 100% certainty that the top players are correct this time with their judgment about d11 being draw. However, the number of players have increased and the results of research is more accurate year by year.

那么，将来瑞星开局的走向如何呢？这很难说。因为它在过去变动了这么多的次数，而且每一次都是世界上最优秀的棋手们得出的结论，因此，这一次一流棋手们关于瑞星是平衡局的判断也不能说是百分之百的确定。然而，棋手们的数量在逐年增加，研究的结果也越来越精确。

Such frequent changes of sides makes the d11 to be one of the most popular and most analyzed opening in the history. It might be interesting for new generation of players to see this overview of history. This article is my quick and perhaps a bit superficial summary of past 20 years, and may contain some slight mistakes, but at least it can show how much the d11 opening had changed forth and back during two decades.

如此频繁的优劣改变使得瑞星开局在过去成为了最流行和研究最多的开局之一。对于新一代的棋手们来说，阅读本文关于瑞星演变的概述可能是有趣的。本文是我对过去20年来瑞星演变的简短又或许是肤浅的总结，可能存在一些小的错误，但至少能表明在过去20年嚅瑞星开局反复来回变动的次数。

《全文翻译完毕》

英文出处： http://www.renju.net/blog/index.php?showtopic=223

若有翻译得不好的地方，还请各位棋友批评指正；若有翻译得好的地方，望送几朵鲜花，以资鼓励，以便日后再翻译好的五子棋文章。

［此帖子已被 华夏小宝 在 2013-4-26 21:57:13 编辑过］

［ 一侠客一 于 2013-4-26 22:15:51 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 一侠客一 于 2013-4-26 22:15:51 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 一侠客一 于 2013-4-26 22:15:51 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 一侠客一 于 2013-4-26 22:15:51 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 一侠客一 于 2013-4-26 22:15:51 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 一侠客一 于 2013-4-26 22:15:51 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 一侠客一 于 2013-4-26 22:15:51 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 一侠客一 于 2013-4-26 22:15:51 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 一侠客一 于 2013-4-26 22:15:51 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 一侠客一 于 2013-4-26 22:15:51 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 第五象限 于 2013-4-26 23:22:29 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 第五象限 于 2013-4-26 23:22:29 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 第五象限 于 2013-4-26 23:22:29 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 第五象限 于 2013-4-26 23:22:29 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 第五象限 于 2013-4-26 23:22:29 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 踵酃 于 2013-4-27 6:46:57 时奖励此帖[金币加 100 威望加1］

［ 踵酃 于 2013-4-27 6:47:17 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 天籁之琴 于 2013-4-27 11:22:00 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 天籁之琴 于 2013-4-27 11:22:00 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 天籁之琴 于 2013-4-27 11:22:00 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 天籁之琴 于 2013-4-27 11:22:00 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 天籁之琴 于 2013-4-27 11:22:00 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 天籁之琴 于 2013-4-27 11:22:00 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 天籁之琴 于 2013-4-27 11:22:00 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 天籁之琴 于 2013-4-27 11:22:00 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 天籁之琴 于 2013-4-27 11:22:00 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 天籁之琴 于 2013-4-27 11:22:00 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ aabb 于 2013-4-27 19:15:32 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

以前就看过英文版本， 中文翻译版本网上很多， 还以为论坛早就有了。

翻译地很好，还给了原文连接。在最后注解下或者解释下D11会更完美，为什么瑞星是D11？

比如 D=direct （直指） I=Indirect （斜指），后面数字是编号。 D11只是对开局的一个编号， 而瑞星被编入11号中。

英文对26开局没有取天花烂醉的名称。

［ 华夏小宝 于 2013-4-27 18:27:37 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 华夏小宝 于 2013-4-27 18:27:37 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 华夏小宝 于 2013-4-27 18:27:37 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 华夏小宝 于 2013-4-27 18:27:37 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 华夏小宝 于 2013-4-27 18:27:37 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

解释的问题当时倒是真没想起来。不过，版主你已经解释得很好啦啊。呵呵

刚才又看了一遍，发现译文中个别地方存在着文字错误，比如第二段“瑞星开局（直接11）”，正确的应是“瑞星开局（直指11）”，比如最后一段的“嚅”应是“来”，这是由于当时五笔输入太快以致不小心输错了，只是现在超过了三个小时，没法勘误了。

再次谢谢版主的提议和鼓励！

ANDO的这篇文章用一句话来总结就是：瑞星是平衡局。

［ 华夏小宝 于 2013-5-2 17:52:15 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

［ 华夏小宝 于 2013-5-2 17:52:15 时花20金币送鲜花一朵］

楼上亮了好翻译~支持一下工作